An excellent tutorial from the 1930's on the principles and development of the Differential Gear.
In automobiles and other wheeled vehicles, a differential couples the drive shaft to half-shafts that connect to the rear driving wheels. The differential gearing allows the outer drive wheel to rotate faster than the inner drive wheel during a turn. This is necessary when the vehicle turns, making the wheel that is travelling around the outside of the turning curve roll farther and faster than the other. Average of the rotational speed of the two driving wheel equals the input rotational speed of the drive shaft. An increase in the speed of one wheel is balanced by a decrease in the speed of the other.
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